Team Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Team Leadership - Assignment Example Harnessing these and getting them to work in tandem is the most difficult thing as it involves convincing people to forego their differences for the good of the company. Not everyone can do this, and this is the reason why companies have different positions, which mandate occupants to mobilize those under them. Those assuming these positions are referred to as team leaders, team leaders are mandated with the responsibility of mobilizing team members. They should also work towards a defined goal which may be either the company’s goal or a means to a company goal. Team leadership, on the other hand, is not about an individual it is about a process, a process which can be led by either one of the team members or can also be led from the outside. In fact, there are four potential sources of team leadership; formal internal leadership, formal external leadership, informal internal leadership and informal external leadership. This brief insight into team relations and team leadership is important in evaluating the various problems facing Global-tech Company where I happen to work. In the past few months, there have been continuous wrangles within the company teams. This is alarming as the effects of these misunderstandings will soon spill over to the company performance. This is worrying because business has been exemplary given the ensuing economic conditions. The ones active and very motivated teams have slowed down and their morale has taken a dip; differences have emerged on what is wrong and what is right in regard to culture and communication. There are also technical differences like utilization of technological equipment. Well and beyond these challenges employees have also become selfish and all these challenges have made it impossible for people to relate well.

Environmental Audit (Data Response) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Audit (Data Response) - Essay Example There may many country specific factors, which could impact the functioning of the organization in the Host country, including its Human Resource (HR) functions. When an organization starts off its foreign operations, the role of HR department and optimum HR practices is crucial because it can only facilitate and encourage coordination and cooperation between employees from both the host country as well as home country (company’s home country). In this report, Russia is the host country, and so this report will discuss how a multinational company in IT sector, while entering Russia particularly in the form of Joint Venture (JV) need to analyse its HR functions to optimally manage its operations there. Economic Indicators Russia's geographic position as neighbour and a key influencer of the expanding European Union and the dynamic countries of Asia including China and India has given it new options to optimize its globalization drive. So, it is encouraging many multinational co mpanies (MNC) to enter and start their operations. Actually, Russia’s incorporation of globally dominant norms, rules, etc as part of economic globalization, took some time to actualize. That is, when Russia endorsed and embraced globalization, it was not a smooth transition, as certain tough decisions were taken. When globalization made its entry into Russia, there was sceptical feeling that globalization and the entry of foreign firms particularly from Western countries is actually a form of US-led hegemony increasing Russia’s marginality in world affairs. â€Å"Their fear of globalization is heightened by the perception that the process is not driven by the impersonal forces of the information revolution and the market, but controlled by the United States as part of a hegemonic project† (Federov 2000). Russia voluntarily took certain steps to welcome globalization and thereby open its market to foreign firms. That is, by introducing convertibility of the nati onal currency and liberalizing both current and capital accounts of her balance of payments, Russia fully exposed herself to globalization. (Vorobyov and Zhukov 2001). From that time, Russia is encouraging entry of foreign firms and also Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the Russian IT sector. Although, Russia’s IT industry and market is considered small, when compared with other regions and countries, MNCs like SAP, TietoEnator, T-System, etc are expanding their operations, along with the domestic players. Importantly, the potential of Russia’s IT market is going to optimize, with its quick recovery from the economic recession. â€Å"Russia has experienced a surprisingly quick rebound after being heavily affected by the economic crisis in 2009†¦The Russian ICT market is being driven by information technology spending, which is expected to increase by 12 percent to 15 billion euros in 2011.† (eito.com 2011) Comparative analysis of HR systems in both Europ e and the US Each nation is different from one another based on their culture, people, language, climate, etc, etc†¦and based on these differences; there will be different styles of HRM. Thus, different management styles and importantly HRM policies seen in the functioning of MNCs are dependent on the culture and other regional factors of a country. That is, when one focuses on the HRM policies in USA, it

Jack London and His Wild Side Essay Example for Free

Jack London and His Wild Side Essay Many of Jack Londons novels have the unique characteristic of portraying survival of the fittest, the humanizing of animals, and a contrast of savagery and civility in their protagonists. Subsistence was the number one priority for heroes and villains in many of Londons books. This quest for existence and life was a difficult one in the harsh environments Jack London favored as settings in his books. Therefore survival of the fittest was the law and it sparked the transitions between savagery and civility in its wake. Those affected were traditionally the lone animal heroes prevalent as protagonists in Londons works. To portray these characters, the humanizing of them was a necessary and well-employed tactic that London also utilizes to hold the readers interest. As most of Londons works take place in the wild, it is only natural that his heroes and heroines should be individualists to be able to survive. They challenge the wrath of nature, and those who are strong enough generally live (Ludington). Although the natural world plays a grim role in Londons works, it plays no favorites, and requires those existing in it to meet its demands. This proves to be a central conflict and consistent theme in many works. To Build a Fire demonstrates the conflict of Man versus Naturereveal[ing] Londons sense of the awesome appearance of Nature, sometimes harsh but always impressive (McEwen). On Londons famous novel, White Fang, Earle Labor comments it is structured on ideas rather than upon myth, [it] is a sociological fable intended to illustrate Londons theories of environmentalism (79). Londons works focused on what he considered his philosophy of life. Through his canine protagonists in The Call of the Wild and other books, he expresses the themes of survival, courage, strength, determination, and respect for the truth (McEwen). Jack Londons so-called Klondike Heroes were an independent but still compassionate group who showed respect to the eternal laws of nature and to the overwhelming presence of conscience (Labor 50). Those who took to these values and lived by them at the very least survived, and at the most became leaders of their surroundings. In The Call of the Wild, Buck is snatched from an easy life and submitted to brutal treatment and a harsh environment in the Klondike, [and only] survives because he is the superior individual (Ludington). The dogs learned that kill or be killed, eat or be eaten, was the law. Almost above these laws is Buck. When he was made, the mould was broke, says Pete, a sleigh driver in the book (Ashley). The dog was not instantly a leader however, he first overcomes terrible hardships and falls into brutal skirmishes with both men and other animals, displaying the level of courage and cunning required in Jack Londons philosophy to become a hero (McEwen). Among the lessons learned by Buck are treachery and nobility, faithfulness unto death, and a conviction that moral nature is a vain thing and a handicap in the ruthless struggle for existence' (Ashley). Part I of The Call of the Wild, the most naturalisticsection of the book, deals with physical violence and amoral survival of the dogs which paves the way for their progression into the heroes that London wished to portray them as (Labor 73). In Londons book The Sea Wolf, Wolf Larsen is an arrogant individualist who survives for awhile on an island without many provisions. Though he later perishes, supposedly as an indirect result of his moral flaws, his prolonged existence on the island can only be attributed to his admiral strength and skill- two characteristics that London holds in high esteem (Ludington). These are, however, not the only traits necessary to survive in a harsh environment as London stresses in In a Far Country. Survival of the fittest is expressed as not only a matter of physical fitness, but also of ethical integrity (Labor 53). Individualism, though sometimes detrimental to the character, is also a major theme in many of Londons works. Few persons who have ever encountered his work can totally forgetthe lost miner who wanders across the Arctic waste land in a nightmarish odyssey of starvation and exposure, sustained solely by an incredible will to live; or either of the magnificent dogs: Buck, captivated by the call of the Northland Wild, and White Fang, tamed by the loving-kindness of a gentler master. (Labor 49) Wolf Larsen, in The Sea Wolf, goes beyond survival to domination. He is the captain and master of his vessel and its crew. What gets in his way goes overboard whether its a scullion or his first mate. Larsens motives of ambition and absolute superiority dominate his character to form a totally different connection between him and his pack than did Buck with his (Sandburg 30). Another dominant theme in Londons works is the humanizing of animals. By giving animals characteristics of a man, basically personifying them, London makes it easier and more enjoyable for the reader to relate to the animals situation. His ability to have the reader connected with creatures, to have the reader peer into their minds and hearts, makes their struggles, triumphs, and defeats all the more poignant (McEwen). Both The Call of the Wild and White Fang are beast fables because they provoke peoples interest -whether we know it or not- in the human experience, not in the plight and hardships of lower animals (Labor 69). Buck, in The Call of the Wild, takes on an almost human personality, not because of his actions or thoughts but because the reader can see his thoughts and understand his actions (McEwen). The difference is [the books] radical departure from the conventional animal story in style and substance- the manner in which it is overdetermined in its multilayered meaning, letting readers understand the dogs better than they may understand themselves (Labor 72). Not only are dogs humanized in Londons canine novels, but the humans are significantly de-humanized. This personification of animals gives them very flexible personalities than those of the humans, which tend to lack depth. This reversal of roles makes it entirely possible for the dogs, which are even given names, to be characters in the sense that the humans of the novels will never achieve. Even Judge Miller, by whose Santa-Clara, California, fireside the young Buck lay in innocence and peace before he was dognapped, has more of a function than a character at all. The humans in The Call of the Wild such as John Thornton, Black Burton, and other bad guys are stock characters for which the reader provides their qualities from other reading rather than discover them in the novel (Ashley). The only real character is the dog who displays the humility and natural wisdom which the man fatally lacks: Its instinct told it a truer tale than was told to the man by the mans judgementThe dog did not know anythingBut the brute had its instinct (Labor 64). Perhaps the most dominant and glaringly obvious message in Londons work is the conflict of savagery versus civility and the transgressions and progressions between the two. In a letter Jack London wrote to George Brett in 1904, explained the plan behind his book White Fang. He decided to compose a complete antithesis and companion book: Im going to reverse the process. Instead of devolution or decivilization of a dog, Im going to give evolution, the civilization of a dog- development of domesticity, faithfulness, love, morality, and all the amenities and virtues (Labor 78-79). The noble dogs in White Fang and The Call of the Wild revolt against their roots. White Fang shifts from an untamed life in the wild to one of civilization, while Buck eventually turns on his domestic background towards the wilderness (McEwen). The law of club and fang present in many of Londons wilderness novels is approached and embraced by Buck and cast away for a tamer life by White Fang (Ashley). The Call of the Wild is a study of one of the most curious and profound motives that plays hide-and-seek in the human soul. The more civilized we become the deeper is the fear that back in barbarism is something of the beauty and joy of life we have not brought along with us (Sandburg 29). So it is in fact, not all transgression for Buck, he gains something a domestic being could never achieve. On the other hand, White Fang, too, involves contrasting values: life, love, civilization, the Southland; and the protagonist dogs progression towards these (Labor 79). Although the most noticeable transformations in Londons novels are in that of animals, the civil to savage metamorphosis is well-developed in humans too (McEwen). Among [Londons] various studies of the Northnothing will set you thinking about how far the human race has progressed, the gulf between savagery and civilization, than the tale of Nam Bok the Unveracious. (Sandburg 29). In Nam Bok the Unveracious, Nam Bok, after an absence of many years returns to his isolated fishing village on the shores of Alaska. Late into the night they talk, and Nam Bok, who has been to California, tells them he has been upon a boat larger than all the boats of the village in one; he describes the sails of the vessel and the avers it made head against the wind as well as with it; he describes an iron monster that sped upon two streaks of iron faster than the wind, was fed up on black stones, coughed fire, and shrieked louder than thunder. Early the next morning he is informed that his sense of truth is mournfully degenerate. Their message runs this wise: Thou art from the shadow-land, O Nam Bok. With us thou canst stay. Thou must return whence thou camest, to the land of the shadows. So much for Nam Bok. (30) The raging forces of human and natural forces that battle in these works erode the layers of civilization to reveal the glimpse of the most primeval impulses inherent in men and their environments (McEwen). When a being is thrust into an unfamiliar environment, it must learn to adapt to and coexist with everything around it. In The Sea Wolf, Wolf Larsen eventually dies despite his strength and skills; he was an utterly egotistical an immoral character on an isolated island. Londons point was that Wolf could not have survived in a modern society with the traits he possessed. Buck, on the other hand, is returned to the wild from a tamed existence. He eventually joins a pack of wolves, but he is at the head because of the combination of intelligence he gained in the civilized world and the strength he acquired as part of his transgression to primeval instinct and the wild (Ludington). Even when ill treatment has the adverse affect of not taming Buck but sparking his change, he shows what dog (and man) can do to get past its hardships and become a leader (Ashley). His mistreatment was not the only factor in Bucks transformation, the sense of a call back to nature and her primal sanities is felt by even the rankest degenerate, this is the cal of the wild (Sandburg 29). And with a fitting ending, The Call of the Wild closes: When the long winter nights come on and the wolves follow their meat into the lower valleys, he may be seen running at the head of the pack through the pale moonlight or glimmering borealis, leaping gigantic above his fellows, his great throat a-bellow as he sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack. (Ashley) Throughout these novels, there can be seen a pattern of the same prevalent three prevalent themes. Each interrelated with one another, forming the same types of scenarios, and the same consistent fantastic plots that made Londons works famous. The main characters discovery of themselves sets in motion the readers own self-discovery. The fact that this lesson lies in the lives of canines and not other humans is the true test of Londons ability to humanize animals. In the end this combination forms for a more potent emotional attachment to these dogs than to any other type of fictional character. All these attest to Londons novels being viewed as timeless classics. Works Cited Ashley, Leonard R. N. The Call of The Wild: Overview. Reference Guide to American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed Jim Kamp. St. James Press, 1994. [Galenet] Labor, Earle. Jack London. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1974. Ludington, Townsend. Jack London: Overview. Reference Guide to American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed Jim Kamp. St. James Press, 1994. [Galenet] McEwen, Fred. Jack London: Overview. Twentieth-Century Young Adult Writers. 1st ed. Ed Lauren Sandley Berger. St. James Press, 1994. [Galenet] Sandburg, Charles A. Jack London: A Common Man. Critical Essays on Jack London. By Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1983.

Can The Legalisation Of Drugs Be Justified Philosophy Essay

Can The Legalisation Of Drugs Be Justified Philosophy Essay When we want to decide if a particular substance should be legalized, by which I mean the substance is not entirely prohibited and is available to non-professional recreational users, the first enquiry should be into whether or not people will come to harm as a result of the drug being made available. But this assumption rests upon an initial normative ethical decision where we ask on what grounds a government or legal entity should be entitled to prohibit certain substances by use of force and coercion. John Stuart Mill puts forward two possible conditions which must be met for a government to interfere with someones privacy and freedom of behaviour. The first principle is what I will describe as the harm principle, while the second one is what I will call Mills soft paternalism, which is a practical extension of the harm principle. Mill argues that the only criteria for limiting freedom of behavior with legal or physical measures are if the consequences of the actions result in harm to another member of society. If a persons activities do not result in harm to another person then a government has no rational grounds for preventing that behavior, even if the behavior breaks a social taboo. As Mill puts it: the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is to prevent harm to others  [1]  . According to the harm principle, then, we would have grounds to legalize drugs as long as we could see no way in which this would result in harm to another person. This means that harm is a jointly sufficient and necessary condition for prohibiting a substance or a type of behavior. If these conditions are not met then we have no rational grounds for making drugs illegal. The practical implementation of this principle means we would be justified in prohi biting a school bus driver from smoking cannabis while driving, as this could result in harm to other people, but we would not be justified in stopping him from smoking cannabis in his own home. The second condition, which follows naturally from the harm principle, is a condition of soft paternalism. If we are entitled to prohibit types of behavior in order to reduce harm then it follows that harm can befall someone due to ignorance and lack of consent. The soft paternalist stance means that we would be entitled to prohibit someone from taking a drug if they did not know the possible harmful consequences of taking the drug or if they were not of a sufficient metal state to appreciate any danger. If we were to legalize drugs then we would also have to satisfy the sub conditions of consent and fore knowledge, which are jointly sufficient conditions for freedom of behavior along with the harm principle. The practical results of this policy would mean that a government would have no grounds in preventing someone from harming themselves by using drugs which are highly addictive and potentially self destructive drugs such as heroin as long as they consented (i.e. acted on their ow n free will) to using the drug and had fore knowledge of the consequences. We would only make selling heroin illegal to children or people who were not entirely responsible for their own behavior such as mentally disabled people or insane people. We would also be obliged to make the consequences of taking such a drug clear to the consumer. The first possible objection to the conclusion of Mills argument outlined above is that there are far reaching social consequences to legalizing drugs which the harm principle does not cover. We could consider, for example, the extortionate cost of drug treatment which it could fall on the state to provide. We might also be suspicious that legalizing drugs and making them available on such a wide scale would result in a moral decline and a threat to an orderly civilized community. These objections essentially expose Mills harm principle and soft paternalism as being socially myopic. Although drug related behavior which may result in harm befalling people other than the drug taker are a priori undesirable, and that harm is therefore a sufficient condition for prohibiting drug use, it is not the only sufficient condition. It does not follow that, just because individual recreational drug use does not result in immediate harm to another individual, it will not cause havoc if it became a widespread cultural practice. Mills argument for justifying the legalization of drugs, his harm principle, cannot be the sole criteria for making ethical judgments. This means that the harm condition may be a sufficient condition for deciding if drugs should be legalized, but it does not mean that it is the sole sufficient condition nor does it mean that it is a necessary condition. The point to be made here is, I think, that normative deliberations over ethical first principles are inconclusive due to this type of enquiry not being able to really see what the consequences of drug legalization are. We should supplement the harm principle and soft paternalism with descriptive ethical questions, such as what the cost of the war against drugs? W.F Buckley Jr. points out the wider social implications of drug taking in a social environment where it is prohibited by law. The fact that drugs are illegal makes them extremely expensive which mean that many drugs users must turn to theft to satisfy their habit, which may require stealing up to $5,000 worth of jewels [or] cars  [2]  . If the fact that drugs are illegal results in a likelihood of harm to other people then it follows that we should at least consider the legalization of some drugs on these grounds. The harm principle, then, must be considered in a wide scope which include sociological and economic conside rations such as those pointed out by Buckley. Another possible objection to the legalization of drugs due to Mills conditions being met is that some drugs are highly addictive, so addictive that it constitutes a breech of an individuals freedom of will. An individual cannot continue to consent to use drugs if he is addicted in an extreme physiological sense to a drug such as heroin. Strong drug addiction does not satisfy the consent condition of Mills harm principle which means that we should prohibit someone from obtaining such a drug even though he consents to this addiction initially. Soft paternalism would extent to prohibiting the sale of highly addictive drugs in order to protect the individuals legal and moral autonomy. The harm principle here is too narrow to encompass the unique effects drug taking can have. We must instead rely upon a Kantian understanding of the moral agent, in which we understand a moral agent is an end in itself, and since powerful addiction would violate this, then we should prohibit highly addicti ve drugs. Kants categorical imperative claims that human freedom is realised in the adoption of humanity as an end in itself.  [3]  This means that even though someone consents and has foreknowledge of drug addiction and decides to get himself addicted to drugs his decision is essentially immoral. A possible condition for the legalization of a drug could be that it is not so addictive that it will interfere with an individuals autonomy or encourage him to act in ways which are harmful to him. If we assent to these arguments there would be no grounds to justify the legalization of heroin while there would be grounds to legalize and permit the use of drugs like cannabis and salvia divinorum which are not highly addictive in a physiological sense. The problem with this objection can be outlined by clarifying what exactly free will is, i.e. what conditions have to be met for an individual to have free will. Frankfurt defines the freedom of will as being the possibility of having done otherwise  [4]  , which means that as long as ones will is synchronized with ones actions, one has free will. If you desired not to take a drug and someone physically forced you to do this you would not have free will as you could not have done otherwise. Frankfurts position on free will is what I will describe as a coherentist position, by which I mean an individual acts freely if his primary intentions coincide with their behaviour even if they are unable to prevent this behaviour. If an individual who is addicted to drugs and is unable to act in any other way because of this then this is still an instance of free will as long as this behaviour coheres with previous decisions made under consent and foreknowledge. A heroin addict is not forced to take drugs even when addicted in the sense that they could have done otherwise. Although his behaviour is determined by the drugs his will is not impeded in the way that brainwashing or direct physical coercion by another person will impede free will. Kane describes the condition of personal autonomy as the power to be the ultimate producers of [ones] own end and the power to make choices which can only and finally be explained in terms of [ones] own [will] (i.e., character, motives, and efforts of will) .  [5]   If these conditions are met then there is no realistic breech of the consent and foreknowledge and there is no ground to prevent the sale of highly addictive drugs. We can conclude, in regard to the above arguments, that Mills harm principle and the sub-conditions of assent and foreknowledge give grounds for legalizing the sale of drugs as long as these conditions are met. The only grounds on which we could make a drug like heroin illegal is by taking a what I will describe as a strong paternalist approach to welfare, in which citizens are prohibited from partaking in activities which will inflict harm of them even though they themselves desire or are aware of harmful consequences. This must be balanced, however, upon the implications of actually making these activities illegal. A strong paternalist approach to car safety is to make it illegal for motorists not to wear seatbelts. There are only positive consequences of this legislation. Making heroin illegal, on the other hand, increases the price of heroin to levels only affordable by serious crime, increases the risk of negative health implications do to unregulated heroin production and inclu des the risk of people infecting themselves by using unregulated drug taking equipment and diverts money and resources into enforcing these laws at the expense of others. Lord Devlin, on the other hand, argues against the legalization of drugs considered taboo or immoral in a society from a view point which does not necessarily rely on the negative consequences to individuals or the harm to an individuals autonomy. Lord Delvin argues, first of all, that any social group posses a right to protect its own existence. He then goes on to argue that particular morals and ethical standards which a community stands by should be enforced to protect the existence of a community. He then concludes that moral standards can be maintained by force and the curtailing of individual liberty. Society, he claims, may use the law to preserve morality in the same way it uses it to safeguard anything else if it is essential to its existence.  [6]  If it could be shown that the legalization of drugs such as cannabis or heroin would contradict moral standards then these deviations from [the] societys shared morality are capable in their nature of threatening the existenc e of society and therefore cannot be put beyond the law.  [7]   The problem with Lord Delvins argument is that it fails to give an adequate explanation as to why a deviation from a routine moral standard is necessarily a threat to a societys existence. It simply does not follow that if an individual practises certain types of behaviour in the privacy of his own home, such as smoking cannabis, this results in a negative impact to the survival of a society. It also does not take into account that particular customs of a society may have evolved to meet specific needs which is no longer relevant. On the other hand, moral standards may have been enforced due to a lack of scientific understanding. It is certainly true that widespread incest could result in a threat to the existence of society due to genetic diseases becoming more prevalent in society, and it is therefore rational and just to enforce compliance to non-incestuous marriage. But it difficult to see how the legalization o f a non addictive hallucinogenic drug with few side effects during moderate consumption could pose any threat to a societys existence. To conclude, I will summarize the conditions which should be met for the legalization of a substance to be considered ethically legitimate. It must first of all only be made available to those who consent and have foreknowledge of the consequences of the drug, no matter how addictive or harmful it may be when it is consumed. The results of the consumption of the drug should also have no negative consequences towards society at large. This could mean that a drug which, when consumed, could result in harmful environmental impact or damage to others who are not consuming the drug, should be banned. This could also mean that people are prohibited from taking the drug at particular public locations. It could also mean that the drug is only allowed be consumed at special facilities in which it can be regulated. The practical implementation of this could mean that one would be permitted to smoke cannabis consume ecstasy at particular venues.

Discrimination in Harrison Bergeron, after you my dear Alphonse, and Th

Discrimination in the Short Stories, Harrison Bergeron, after you my dear Alphonse, and The Lottery The trait of discrimination is the basis for the stories, Harrison Bergeron, after you my dear Alphonse, and Lottery. Discrimination is when someone is hated or acted upon negatively for the reason of race, sex, or nationality. In the short stories the author's feelings of discrimination are expressed through the characters differently. In these stories the author has his own feelings and thought depicted through the characters. By the popular theme of discrimination and racism it suggests that these stories were written in the late sixties early seventies. In the story Harrison Bergeron the whole country is handicapped except for one individual. The one person is Hazel who is thoug...

Mother-daughter Relationships Essay -- Mother-Daughter Relationships

The relationship between parents and their children is one of the most basic human interactions. Mothers and daughters provide both physical and emotional care for their young sons and daughters. In the process, parents will instill children with family values and goals, while teaching them the accepted norms and values of society. This is done in hope that parents will one day see their own children become mature adults, with their own goals and purposes in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mother-daughter relationships can be complex, but also filled with compassion and love. Mothers and daughters often seem farther away from each other than they really are. Usually when a girl goes through adolescence, the relationship between her and her mother begin to change in many different ways, but can grow at the same time. Even though the wars between a mother and daughter can ravage a relationship, they can easily be recognized earlier enough to keep a relationship from severing the ties that a mother and daughter have with one another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adolescence... a time of seemingly more freedom, junior high to high school, football games, dances, parties, going out for pizza, dating, driving, a later curfew, going to the mall, and talking on the phone almost non stop. Many mothers rarely see their daughters during these times. With all the time she begins to spend with her friends, it seems as if the major issues constantly being discussed are bedtimes, clothing and chores. #Girls are growing up and it may seem as if their mothers are being needed less, but they are needed, just in a different way. When I was beginning to enter adolescence, I wasn’t completely separated from my mother, but I could feel it was beginning to happen. My sister Erin, who is now 21 felt the same way. #â€Å"When I was younger, between 14-18 I separated form my mother and it almost felt like I was completely separated from her.† Even though girls may feel like they are farther away from their mothers that they could ever get, it is not the end of the world. Most girls are close to their mothers when they are young, and many return to that closeness as adults. But few girls manage to stay close to their mothers during junior high and high school. I have realized that before I entered into high school, my mother and I had a close relationship. I was the exception of most girls my age and many of them seemed jealou... ... from knowing that they see them. Every daughter and mother love each other but it’s when a daughter can say I really like my mother and when a mother feels the same way, that one knows the relationship has succeeded. Bibliography http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/~vista/pdf_pubs/GATEWAY4.PDF. Web 20 April, 2015. Bauch, P. A., Vietze, P., & Morris, V. (1973). What makes the difference in parental participation? Childhood Education, 50, 47-53. http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/~vista/pdf_pubs/GATEWAY4.PDF. Web 20 April, 2015. http://www.knowledgetree.com/parents.htm. Web 7 April, 2015. Hickman, C. W., Greenwood, G. E., & Miller, M. D. (1995). High school parent involvement: Relationships with achievement, grade level, SES, and gender. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 28, 125-134. http://www.knowledgetree.com/parents.htm. Web 3 April, 2015. Reynolds, Cathy. Personal Interview. Web 4 April, 2015. Reynolds, Erin. Personal Interview. Web 6 April, 2015. Reynolds, Jason. Personal Interview. Web 8 April, 2015. Troll, Lillian E. "Family-Embedded vs. Family Deprived Oldest-Old: A Study of Contrasts." International Journal of Aging and Human Development

Caning: Education and Students

Caning is a common form of punishment that has being used to solve discipline problems among students in schools now days. There are many cases about the caning in schools has been reported. These problem occurs because of the discipline problem in schools is increase and cannot be control by teachers and they think only cane is the method that they can be used to fix the indiscipline problems among students. Caning should not be considered as a most effective method to appropriate with problem of indiscipline (Devaraj, 2007).Why caning cannot be used as a method to solve with indiscipline problems? This is because caning could give more negative effect than the positive effect. What is the negative effect will occurs if caning is being used in schools continuously. The negative effect of caning on students are student’s mentally effects,student’s physically effect and increase more discipline problems. Firstly, the negative effect of caning on students is studentâ€⠄¢s mentally effect. Student who are be cane will be a traumatic person.For example, they will be afraid and fear to be in school because in school, they will hear another student who is being cane scream for suffering pain. Student also will lack of confidence on doing something. This is because they could not trust with their self and also with another person. Student will keep their emotion without sharing with others member or their families. Public caning is the example of reason why student be like that. From the public caning, student will feel embarrassed when they are in school because they were being cane in front of all students.Moreover, the corporal punishment interferes with the responsible to agitate and take part as it promotes antisocial behavior. (Sridhar,2005). For example, gangsterism, vandalism, cheating, truanting and etc. For instance, caning also can cause low self-esteem to the student which may run their future life. Student will feel that they are not usef ul to the other and it will lead them to do something that is out of expectation. Caning can cause less of self-concept, where he is grow up in fear and easily to be panic (Suhaini Aznam, 2007).For example, if the student being cane on doing something wrong that unnecessary to use cane to teach them, such as forgot to borrow text book then they will try to call their mother to send that book to the class because they will feel fear and panic in class and afraid that teacher could cane them if they do not borrow the book. Secondly, the negative effect of caning on student is student’s physically effect. For instance, caning give physical suffering to student. It can cause bodily such as arm, leg, buttock and etc. If caning was painful then, they will take time to recovery.For example, if the pain is difficult to heal, then it will take a longer period of time for healing. Furthermore, caning also can give unreasonable cause of pain such as broken arm or leg, bleeding and etc. For example, teachers are always using cane as a punishment to the student who are unfinished their work. These punishments just waste their time because student only can get pain but the teacher is not sure whether the student can change their attitude with that punishment or not. In addition, student also can get the damage after the caning.From what we know, caning is a punishment that can give pain for the person who is be cane. Caning is definitely leaves marks on them, but parents who are usually dispute to other issues just accept this punishment (Chin, 2007). Scar is a mark left the skin by a wound, sore, etc and it is difficult to varnish. Student can get the scar from the caning if the caning is to hardly and need time to recover. For example, the caning at the buttock where student cannot sit down on the chair after the caning because it can give them more pain on their buttock if they sit down.The strangers resulted in bodily injury is not the right thing to these kids ( Audrey, 2007). This is because the caning is a punishment that only gives physical suffering to the student. This punishment also looks like a child abuse and violence because it is a cruel punishment for teacher to do that on student. Last but not least, the negative effect of caning on student is increased more discipline problems. For example, bad behavior or attitude will be creating from the caning.This is because student will become more aggressive and anger to the teachers or others student from what the teacher have done to them. For instance, the student cannot accept the punishment that they get from the caning because they think that the mistake that they have made is not a big issue to deal with the caning. So, caning is not the corrective punishment that can be used for fix the problem within the students. From what we can see, student’s now days is changes from day to days. They have grown up to become adult and they will rebel on whatever teachers say.So, the t eacher should give some counseling and guide them for continue their life in the future without including themselves with the social problem. The merest vision of rod was enough to scare the more surprise students (Kayleigh, 2004). Instead of caning, the teacher should find another solution to solve the problem with the students because the caning only frighten the student but not deal with the problem that they have did . Caning is a method that can forces student to obey the rules of the school. For example, student will do what they want to do without feel fear to the rules.They think that they can fight back with whatever punishment the teacher gives to them. Furthermore, it can create a problematic student. As a result, they will express their feeling of anger and degrading towards another student and society where school should not be speaks (Audrey, 2011). This attitude will cause to the others student. For example, student who are be bullying by the problematic student will feel afraid to face with that student and it can cause she or he do not came to school. Moreover, it also creates education problem such as lazy to go school.Hence, if student lazy to go school, it will perform their academic achievement is low. In conclusion, caning is not only the method to teach the students because it could harm student mentally, physically and it can causes the increasing discipline problem among the students. Teachers should be considering with the problem that have been done by the student before they cane them. Caning is a cruel punishment and it should be banned in the school. Caning also will encourage students to do something that is outside expectation.Hence, teachers should find another alternative to teach their students and find the solution to avoid the discipline problem and negative attitude among students. They can develop some programmed that include good attitudes, value and skill how to avoid from the aggressive behavior. Teacher also need to k now how to teach indiscipline students and should not use roughness on them because with this method, teacher just only will encourage them to do it again and again and cannot eradicate with their discipline problem. REFERENCES Audrey, L.S. P. (2011, March 32). Teach Children to Avoid Our Generation’s Mistakes. The Star Online. Retrieved November 11, 2011 from http://thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? file=/2011/3/31/focus/8383192&sec=focus Chin, V. K. (2000, July 7). Parents must play Active role in tackling indiscipline. The Star Online. Retrieved February 17, 2012 from http://www. corpun. com/mys00007. htm Devaraj, P. E. (2007,December 3). Caning does more harm than good. The Star Online. Retrieved November 11, 2011 from http://thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? ile=/2007/12/3/focus/19620546&sec=focus Kayleigh, L. (2004, April 30). Editorial: No Spanking Day. Daily News. Retrieved February 17, 2012 from http://nospank. net/n/n-198r. htm Sridhar, M. (2005). Corparal Punishmen t:Violation of Child Rights in Schools. Retrieved February 17, 2012 from http://www. legalservicesindia. com/articles/punish. htm Suhaini Aznam. (2007, July 15). Doing away with the cane. The Star Online. Retrieved November 11, 2011 from http://thestar. com. my/columnists/story. asp? file=/2007/7/15/columnists/suhaini/20070715081309&sec=Suhaini